China Passes Major Revision to Maritime Code: E-Bills of Lading Legalized, Shipper Bears Risk of Unclaimed Cargo

Today Maritime, October 29, 2025

On October 28, China passed a major revision to its Maritime Code, the first comprehensive update in three decades, which will take effect on May 1, 2026. The revised law unifies legal rules for domestic coastal and international sea carriage, formally recognizes electronic transport records such as electronic bills of lading, and reallocates key risks within shipping transactions. Most notably, the cost and risk of cargo left unclaimed at the discharge port will now be borne by the shipper rather than the consignee. The amendments also broaden the definition of actual carrier, exclude oil pollution damage from general average, strengthen disclosure obligations in marine insurance, and introduce countermeasures against discriminatory foreign practices.

COSCO Insurance Brokerage: Loss Prevention Advice for Liquid Cargoes

Wang Chao, COSCO Insurance Brokerage, August 12, 2025

The Swedish P&I Club recently issued the “Liquid Cargo Sampling Guidelines,” emphasizing that strict adherence to standard sampling procedures is the most effective defense against cargo claims. The guidelines require masters and crew to carry out proper sampling, storage, and record-keeping throughout cargo operations to ensure samples are representative and traceable. Key recommendations include: taking manifold, first-load, and after-loading samples; conducting joint sampling with surveyors; following ASTM/ISO/API standards; keeping detailed logs; noting defects on bills of lading; and implementing anti-static and anti-contamination measures. Special handling rules apply for sensitive cargoes such as petrochemicals, edible oils, and hazardous chemicals. Correct sampling and compliance are not only core to quality control but also a crucial legal safeguard for shipowners against claims.

The Multifunctional Role of Bills of Lading in China's Commodity Trade

Ma Shuai, DeHeng Law Offices, March 17, 2025

In international commodity trade, bills of lading play a pivotal role across three fundamental stages: trade, logistics, and financing. They act as essential documents linking the shipment, ownership, and financing of goods. As transport documents, they serve as evidence of shipping contracts, proof of cargo receipt, and a guarantee for delivery. In trade, bills of lading connect goods ownership to contractual agreements, though their transfer does not inherently ensure ownership transfer without explicit terms. In financing, they provide collateral for banks under documentary credit arrangements, enabling security and priority claims on goods. The versatility and complexity of bills of lading demand careful legal and procedural scrutiny to mitigate risks in commodity transactions.

Continuous Increase in Cargo Stowage Incidents in South African Waters

Wang Chao, October 22, 2024

South African waters are becoming a major risk zone as vessels reroute around the Cape of Good Hope to avoid the Red Sea. Recent incidents involving cargo stowage and container losses have raised concerns. The region's harsh winter weather, including storms and large waves, increases the risks for vessels. Improper cargo stowage can lead to damage, instability, or even fire. Lost cargo, especially plastic pellets, creates environmental hazards and incurs high clean-up costs.

CINS Releases the "Comprehensive Guide to Container Transportation of Charcoal"

Zhou Yaoxuan, COSCO, September 26, 2024

Charcoal is widely used for various purposes such as cooking, heating, and industrial processes, and is typically transported via containers. However, it poses a significant fire risk due to its potential to self-heat and spontaneously combust.

The Cargo Incident Notification System (CINS), in collaboration with the International P&I Club and the TT Club, has released a comprehensive guide covering the risks involved in transporting charcoal, as well as the regulations, packaging, container selection, and other key factors involved in safe transportation.

looking forward for more...

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